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A task cannot proceed because a required approval is missing. What is the most effective first action?

A. Proceed without approval

B. Identify who must provide approval

C. Redesign the task

D. Escalate immediately

A process works correctly but only when one experienced worker is present. What is the most effective long-term fix?

A. Document and standardize the process

B. Replace the worker

C. Keep scheduling that worker

D. Add more oversight

A system meets deadlines but regularly requires rework. Rework consumes 25% of total effort. What is the most effective improvement focus?

A. Increase speed

B. Add final inspections

C. Reduce upstream errors

D. Increase staffing

A project has these constraints:

Two options exist:

No third option exists. What defines the best decision?

A. Minimizing immediate failure

B. Protecting the most visible constraint

C. Choosing the option with reversible consequences

D. Selecting the lower-cost option

You must choose between two actions under fixed constraints:

· Action A causes a known failure immediately.

o The failure is limited in scope

o Recovery steps are defined

o The impact is visible and contained

· Action B avoids immediate failure.

o It introduces an unknown interaction into a live system

o If it fails, the failure propagates across dependent systems

o Recovery paths are unclear and may be irreversible

No additional data can be gathered.
Delay increases risk for both options.

Which principle most strongly defines the correct applied decision?

A. Minimize immediate negative impact

B. Prefer bounded, reversible failure over unbounded risk

C. Choose the option with the least visible failure

D. Avoid action until more information is available